In biology, cytoplasmic cells are a material in a living cell, excluding the cell nucleus. It contains cytosol (a gel-like substance encapsulated in the cell membrane) and organelles - internal cell substructures. The entire content of the cells of prokaryotic organisms (such as bacteria

Hemorrhoid (HEM-uh-roids), also called piles, are swollen veins in your anus and the lower rectum, similar to varicose veins. Hemorrhoids have a number of causes. They may result from straining during bowel movements. Hemorrhoids may be within the anus (external hemorrhoids).

The five senses are the five main tools used by people to perceive the world. These senses are vision, smell, hearing, taste, and touch. We see with our own eyes, we smell our nose, listen with our ears, taste the language and touch the skin. Our brain receives signals from each organ and

Anxiety is an emotion characterized by an unpleasant state of internal turmoil, which is often accompanied by nervous behaviors, such as going back and forth, somatic complaints and chewing.  This is a subjectively unpleasant feeling of fear of anticipated events, such as the feeling of

You will want to take care of what you are feeding your Chihuahua. This breed is very sensitive to what they are fed, how often they eat and how dishes are offered to them. In fact, the food you choose for your Chihuahua for both meals and snacks will have a direct impact on your puppy's

Pleural effusion is an unusual amount of fluid in the lungs. This can lead to many conditions, so even if the effusion in the pleural cavity can be dehydrated, the doctor will probably manage treatment for anything caused. The pleura is a pencil-thin

The cerebral cortex is connected to various subcortical structures, such as the thalamus and basal ganglia, by sending information to them via efferent connections and receiving information from them via afferent links. Most sensory information is directed to the cerebral cortex function

Pneumothorax (noo-moe-THOR-aks) is a collapsed lung. Pneumothorax occurs when the air leaks into the space between the lung and the chest wall. This air pushes the outside of the lungs and causes it to collapse. In most cases, only part of the lungs collapses. read more

Human hands are complex and delicate structures that contain 27 bones. The muscles and joints in the hand allow for strong, precise and agile movements, but are susceptible to injuries. There are many different causes and types of pain in palm of hand near thumb .

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The brain stem is the area of the brain that connects the brain to the spinal cord. It consists of the midbrain, medulla, and bridge. Motor and sensory neurons travel through the brainstem to allow signals to be transmitted between the brain and the spinal cord. Most cranial nerves are in

The better main vein (SVC) is the better of the two cava veins, the great venous trunks that return oxygen-free blood from the systemic circulation to the right atrium of the heart. It is a large diameter (24 mm) vein, but short, which receives a venous return from the upper half of the

The pericardium is a thin bag that surrounds your heart. It protects and lubricates your heart and keeps it in your chest. Problems may arise when the pericardium turns into a spot or fills it with liquid. Swelling can damage the heart and affect its

Sore throat may range from irritants to excruciating. You've probably had a sore throat a lot, so you know what to expect. Read on more about a sore throat and ear pain no fever.

Many things can cause a sore throat o

The pain in left forearm consists of a radius and elbow bones, which extend the length of the forearm and intersect in the wrist joint. Localization means that the forearm is intrinsic to a series of everyday hand or hand movements. As a result, trauma

Your cardiovascular system consists of the heart and blood vessels. There are three types of blood vessels in the circulatory system: veins, capillaries, and arteries. Arteriovenous malformation defects (AVM) are defects in the blood vessels of the circulatory system. Read below for arte

symptoms of tuberculosis in throat  can infect any part of the body, but it usually occurs in the lungs (so-called tuberculosis of the lungs). Extrapulmonary tuberculosis occurs when tuberculosis develops outside of the lun

The smooth endoplasmic or smooth ER reticulum is an organelle that occurs both in animal cells and in plant cells. The organelle is a subunit in a cell that has a specialized function. The main function of a smooth ER is the production of cellular pro

Basal ganglia is a group of neurons located deep in the cerebral hemispheres of the brain. Basal ganglia consist of the body layer (the main group of testicular nuclei) and associated nuclei. The basal ganglia function are mainly involved in the processing of traffic-related information.

There is no difference in the incidence and prevalence of schizophrenia between men and women, although schizophrenia is more strongly associated with younger men. This may be due to the fact that women more often than men experience the beginning of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia symptoms

Szyszynka is a small pea-shaped gland in the brain. Its function is not fully understood. Researchers know that it produces and regulates certain hormones, including melatonin.Melatonin is best known for its role in regulating sleep patterns. Sleep pat

tid medical abbreviation means three times a day. It is an abbreviation of "ter in die" which in Latin means three times a day. Abbreviation t.i.d. is sometime

The cells seem so small and simple as they catch the eye, but there are very few cells. Cells are constantly carrying out various processes internally. When you start looking more deeply inside the cell, you'll find a complex network of organelles that are internal cell structures that pe

The sebaceous glands are a tissue that releases oil in the skin of a mammal. When a piece of the epidermis is examined under a microscope, we see a hair follicle that pierces the surface of the skin to the subcutaneous layer. Inside there is a secretory sebaceous tissue. Waxy oil, which i

The heart is an important organ of the circulatory system. It is divided into four chambers connected by means of heart valves. The upper two chambers of the heart are called atria. Atria are separated by atrial septa into the left atrium and right atrium. The two lower chambers of the he

Hemangioma of the liver is a non-malignant (benign) mass in the liver. The hepatic hemangioma consists of a tangle of blood vessels. Other terms for liver hemangioma are the liver cavernous hemangioma. Most cases of hepatic haemangiomas have been found during a test or procedure for other

The intervertebral disc function acts as a shock absorber between each vertebra of the spine, keeping the circles separated when there is an effect of activity. They also serve to protect the nerves that run in the middle of the spine and intervertebral discs.

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The main function of the heart is to pump the blood into the lungs so that it is saturated with oxygen and then pump it into the body to supply the cells with oxygen. The heart, along with the blood vessels, forms the cardiovascular system.